Transformation: Simple to Compound
একটি simple sentence এ একটিমাত্র independent clause থাকে এবং কোনো dependent clause থাকে না ।
A simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause.
Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.
পক্ষান্তরে একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি independent clause থাকে যারা পৃথক sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে এবং coordinating conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে ।
Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
Simple sentence কে compound sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নীচে বর্ণিত হলো ।
The rules for transforming a simple sentence to a compound sentence are discussed below.
Rule 1:
| Description | Example |
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যদি simple sentence এ বোঝানো হয় যে কেউ দুটো কাজ করছে, একটি আগে ও আরেকটি পরে তবে Compound sentence এ প্রথম কাজটিকে দ্বিতীয় কাজের আগে উল্লেখ করে তাদেরকে “and” conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত করতে হবে। Sentence এ দ্বিতীয় কাজের tense ব্যবহার করা হবে। If the simple sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another, the compound sentence will mention the first thing before the second thing and join them with a conjunction-“and” and the tense will be the same as of doing the second thing.
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Simple: Coming home she had lunch. Compound: She came home and had lunch. Simple: Going to the office I will write the article. Compound: I will go to the office and will write the article. Simple: Going to the varsity she will do the class. Compound: She will go to the varsity and will do the class. |
Rule 2:
| Description | Example |
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যদি simple sentence এ বোঝানো হয় যে কেউ দুটো কাজ করছে, একটি আগে ও আরেকটি পরে তবে Compound sentence এ প্রথম কাজটিকে দ্বিতীয় কাজের আগে উল্লেখ করে তাদেরকে “and” conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত করতে হবে। Sentence এ দ্বিতীয় কাজের tense ব্যবহার করা হবে। Simple sentence এ “besides being” থাকলে compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” structure ব্যবহার করা হবে। If the simple sentence has “besides being,” the compound sentence will use “not only..….but also.” |
Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent. Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent. Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer. Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer. Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer. Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer. |
Rule 3:
| Description | Example |
| যদি simple sentence এ “in spite of” থাকে তবে compound sentence এ conjunction “but” দিয়ে ভিন্ন clause দুটো যুক্ত করতে হবে। |
Simple: In spite of his poverty the postman never shirks his duty. Compound: The postman is poor, but he never shirks his duty. Simple: In spite of his illness he sat for the exam. Compound: He was ill, but he sat for the exam. |
Rule 4:
| Description | Example |
| যদি simple sentence এ “in spite of” থাকে তবে compound sentence এ conjunction “but” দিয়ে ভিন্ন clause দুটো যুক্ত করতে হবে। |
Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam. Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam. Simple: He must run fast to win the race. Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race. |
Rule 5:
| Description | Example |
| যদি simple sentence এ বলা হয় যে একজন person কে must কিছু করতে হবে কোনকিছু escape/avoid করতে তবে compound sentence এই structure follow করবে ”person must do….or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple form…..” or , ”person must do……or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle form |
Simple: You must study hard to escape failure in the exam. Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise you will fail the exam. Simple: He must run fast to avoid losing in the race. Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will lose the race. Simple: The culprit must run away to avoid his arrest. Compound: The culprit must run away or/otherwise, he will be arrested. |
Rule 6:
| Description | Example |
| যদি simple sentence এ একজন person এর কোন কাজ করার কারণ বলা হয়, তবে compound sentence এ প্রথমে কারণ উল্লেখ করে result বা ফলাফলকে conjunction “and” দিয়ে যুক্ত করা হয়। |
Simple: Being guilty he ran away. Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away. Simple: Being so happy he started to dance. Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance. |
Rule 7:
| Description | Example |
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যদি simple sentence এ “for” থাকে এবং এর আগে কোন কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকে ও পরে কারণ থাকে তবে compound sentence এ “so”/”therefore” থাকবে এবংএর আগে কারণ ও পরে কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকবে। In the above sentence, the result is “the praise of the boss, ” and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard work.” |
Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work. Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him. Compound: He worked hard, and therefore, the boss praised him. Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice. Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people. Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people. |
Rule 8:
| Description | Example |
| যদি simple sentence এ “to” থাকে এবং এর আগে কোন কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকে ও পরে কারণ থাকে তবে compound sentence এ conjunction “and” ব্যবহার হবে ও বাকি সবকিছু একই থাকবে। |
Simple: She came here to meet me. Compound: She came here and met me. Simple: She studied hard to get good marks. Compound: She studied hard and got good marks. |
Rule 9:
| Description | Example |
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যদি simple sentence এ “In the event of being” থাকে তবে compound sentence এই structure follow করবে, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”। |
Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting. Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting. Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team. Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team. |
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