Sentence Connector / Linking Words (বাক্য সংযোজনকারী):
| সংজ্ঞা | Example |
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সাধারনভাবে কতগুলো Sentence-এর মধ্যে সঙ্গতি বা যৌক্তিকভাবে যুক্ত করার জন্য যেসব Word/words ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Linkers/Sentence Connector বলে। আরেকটু জানি, Link অর্থ যুক্ত করা। Linker অর্থ যুক্তকারী। যেসব word বা phrase word-এর সঙ্গে word, phrase-এর সঙ্গে phrase এবং sentence-এর সঙ্গে sentence-এর সংযোগ ঘটিয়ে থাকে, তাকে linker বলে। |
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Rule 1:
| Description | Example |
| As a result/ for this/ for this reason/ that is why/ this is why/ thus/ as a consequence/ consequently/ therefore/ so/ hence কারণে/ফলে/এভাবে/তাই.: Clause/ Sentence দ্বারা কোনো কিছুর কারণ বোঝালে সেই কারণে সংঘটিত প্রভাবের আগে উপরোক্ত Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Nepal is a small country. So, she cannot house her large population. b. Many dishonest businessmen hoard daily commodities. As a result, the prices of lie at an imbalanced rate. c. Kader walked slowly. For this reason/ that is why/ thus/, therefore/ he failed to reach the station in time. d. Despite my warning he violated my instruction. as a consequence/ consequently/ hence/ therefore/ for this/ for this reason/ that is why/ thus/ as a result/ So, he had to suffer much. |
Rule 2:
| Description | Example |
| In short/ in brief/ in a few words/ in a word/ in a nutshell/ in fine/ in conclusion/ to sum up/ to summarize/ on the whole সংক্ষেপে/ এককথায় বলতে গেলে.: পূর্বে আলোচিত কোনো বক্তব্যের ইতি টানতে তার পূর্বে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. His whole family depends on me. I am the only earning member of my family. In a word, I am the umbrella of my family. b. Nepal is a small country. She has a large population. She cannot ensure the basic rights of her people. People are mostly poor here. Most of them are illiterate. In short/ in brief/ in a word/ in a nutshell/ in fine/ in conclusion/ to conclude/ to sum up/ to summarize/ on the whole, Nepal is burdened with many problems. |
Rule 3:
| Description | Example |
| In other words/ in the other way অন্য কথায়/ অন্যভাবে বলতে গেলে.: কোনো বক্তব্যকে একবার লিখে একই বক্তব্যকে অন্যভাবে প্রকাশ করতে হলে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. The students do not try to understand English. In other words, they are going from bad to worse. b. His crazy activities were crossing all limits. In other words, he was almost mad. c. May students do not prepare themselves for the examination. In other words/ in the other way, they adopt unfair means in the examination. |
Rule 4:
| Description | Example |
| Moreover/ besides/ in addition/ in a addition to that/ further more/ in addition to/ again তা ছাড়া/ অধিকন্তু/ আবার.: আগের বক্তব্যের সঙ্গে আরও বক্তব্য সংযুক্ত করতে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. The person has a big flat. Besides this, he has a car. b. My country is a beautiful country. Moreover, she is full of natural recourses. c. Besides a colour television, the bridegroom demanded a motorcycle. d. Nepal is a small country. It has a huge population. Poverty is its main problem. moreover/ besides/ in addition to that/ in addition/ furthermore/ again natural disasters have become its part and parcel. |
Rule 5:
| Description | Example |
| And/ as well as/ along with/ together with এবং.: এ ধরনের linker দুটি noun/ verb/ adjective/ adverb/preposition-এর মাঝে সংযোজক হিসেবে ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Atif together with Babu came to my office. b. The teacher as well as the students were present. c. The students went to the principal and demanded new books in their college library. d. The girl as well as her sister has come. e. Jafor along with his daughter visited our house. |
Rule 6:
| Description | Example |
| Not only … but also শুধু নয় … আরও.: দুটি বিষয়, বস্তু, ঘটনা ইত্যাদির শুধু একটি নয়, অপরটিও হয়—এমন বোঝাতে প্রথমটির আগে not only এবং পরেরটির আগে but also বসে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা, completing sentence parts অংশে দেখো. | a. Not only Tamanna but also Kholil is now going to Canada next year. b. The girl is not only lazy but also dirty. c. Imran not only reads Quaran but also describes Hadith. d. Kalfa works not only irregularly but also carelessly. e. Billal is not only a player but also a student. |
Rule 7:
| Description | Example |
| Either … or হয় … অথবা.: দুটির/ দুজনের মধ্যে হয় একটি/ একজন অথবা অন্যটি/ অন্যজন—এ রকম বোঝাতে এ linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Either I or your friend will raise the flag. b. Either he or my brothers are guilty. c. I can either study or play. d. Either Firoza or Kadir will present the meeting in the evening. e. The boy is either mad or foolish. |
Rule 8:
| Description | Example |
| Neither … nor এটাও নয় … ওটাও নয়.: দুটি বিষয়ের/ বস্তুর বা দুই ব্যক্তির কেউই নয়/ কোনটিই নয়—এমন বোঝাতে এই linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Neither Kibria nor his brother passed. b. Neither the students nor the teachers were present in the meeting. c. Neither I nor you are responsible for the work. d. Neither the students nor the teachers missed the programme in the school premise. e. Jamil neither did the work nor asked others to do this for us. |
Rule 9:
| Description | Example |
| … Both … and … এবং … উভয়েই/ উভয়টিই.: দুটি বস্তু/ বিষয় বা দুই ব্যক্তি/ পক্ষের উভয়টি/ উভয়কেই বোঝাতে এই linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Both my colleague and classmate came to the program for my birthday. b. He took both geometry and algebra as his major courses. c. She is both honest and kind in her daily task. d. Both Tipu and Kartik are intelligent enough. e. Both members and the students were present on the fixed day. |
Rule 10:
| Description | Example |
| Relative pronouns. : Who, which, that, what, whom, whose এই Pronoun-গুলো Sub-ordinating Conjunction হিসেবে দুটি পৃথক বাক্যকে একটি বাক্যে পরিণত করে। | a. The boy who came here yesterday is our neighbor. b. This is the book which is now out of print. c. He does not know what he wants. d. Mr. Babor is a fisherman who works mainly in the river. e. This is the girl whose pen has been lost. |
Rule 11:
| Description | Example |
| Participles. : কোনো Incomplete expression বা Predication-কে Complete করতে Infinitive-এর বিকল্প হিসেবে Participle-কে ব্যবহার করা যায়। | a. To be Infinitive. and expert player, she tries to sing well for us. b. Being Participle. an expert player, she tries to sing well for us. c. Being Present Participle. a man of letters, Mr. Atif is working hard for the removal of illiteracy. d. Brought Past Participle. up in Canada, Kadir likes to stick to Canadian culture. e. Having completed Perfect Participle. the work, they got their payment. |
Rule 12:
| Description | Example |
| Including, Consisting of, Comprising অন্তর্ভুক্ত করে.: অন্তর্ভুক্ত রয়েছে, এমন বিষয় বা বস্তুর আগে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Both the schools comprising engineers and geologists do not rule out the possibility of a major earthquake. b. We published all our writing including our autobiography. c. The newly formed committee has been declared comprising the experts in archeology. d. The family consisting of five members live in this house. e. The team consisting of 12 members won the game last year. |
Rule 13:
| Description | Example |
| at the same time/ after that/ subsequently/ Then/ coincidentally একই সময়ে/ যুগপ ৎভাবে.: একই সময়ে সংঘটিত দুটি বিষয়ের মধ্যে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Arif was reading a book in the morning. At the same time, Latita was writing a letter to her mother. b. He saw the boys. They were then playing football in the school field. c. She told me everything. After that, I had nothing to say seriously. d. She committed a blunder. Subsequently, she had to pay. e. It was not pre-planned. He just met us coincidentally. |
Rule 14:
| Description | Example |
| At the end/ at last/ at length/ finally/ lastly/ at the eleventh hour/ eventually/ last of all অবশেষে/ সবশেষে.: ধারাবাহিক কোনো ঘটনার মধ্যে সর্বশেষ ঘটনা বা বিষয়টির আগে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. The old sailor prayed for five days. At last, God took pity on the old sailor. b. He worked hard. He made all the needful corrections in the book. I drew the attention of all the teachers of English countrywide. At the end/ at last/ at length/ finally/ lastly/ last of all/ In the end, I could achieve dramatic success. c. At the eleventh hour, he came to me with the request. I could not entertain it. d. I made useless efforts. Eventually, everything failed. e. The govt. should take some necessary steps to remove illiteracy from the country. Secondly, there should be an awareness making program throughout the country. |
Rule 15:
| Description | Example |
| Too/ also/ as well আরও.: আরও কোনো কিছু ঘটতে পারে; অধিক ঘটনা বা বস্তুকে উল্লেখ করার পর এই Linker-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। তবে also-কে Sentence-এর শুরুতে, মাঝে, এমনকি শেষেও ব্যবহার করা যায়। | a. She needs a pen. She also needs a book. b. Billal is a good student. Shipra is also a good student. c. We are going to school today. You can go as well. d. She is a singer. She is an actress too. e. I told the matter in detail. I helped him also. |
Rule 16:
| Description | Example |
| At present/ at the present time/ presently/ now a days বর্তমানে/ আজকাল.: বর্তমান সময়ে ঘটছে, এমন বোঝাতে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. At present, the condition of the workers is not good at all. b. At present, men and women contribute to the society remarkably. c. Now a days the green house effect has appeared as a great threat to our existence. d. She is waiting for him for a long time. So, he has to meet her presently. e. At the present time he has no cash in hand. |
Rule 17:
| Description | Example |
| firstly/ secondly/ thirdly প্রথমত/ দ্বিতীয়ত.: কোনো বক্তব্যকে ধারাবাহিকভাবে লিখতে গেলে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. There are many ways to solve the food problem in Nepal. Firstly, we must sustain the present production of food. Secondly, we must control the rapid population growth. Thirdly, steps should be taken against the fragmentation of land. Fourthly, modern and scientific method of cultivation should be introduced. |
Rule 18:
| Description | Example |
| But/ On the other hand/ On the contrary/ Instead of that/ Whereas/ In contrast কিন্তু/ অন্য দিকে.: পূর্বে লিখিত কোনো বক্তব্যের বিপরীতে কোনো বক্তব্য লিখতে গেলে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. He expected you that day. But you did not come. b. He is rich. Whereas his own brother is a poor businessman. c. I do not like him. But he likes me very much. d. Khulna is over-populated. On the other hand/on the contrary/in contrast/in contrast with this/whereas, Rajshahi is less populated. e. You asked him for some money. In stead of that, he gave you some advice. |
Rule 19:
| Description | Example |
| Otherwise/ lest অন্যথায়/ পাছে.: একটি ঘটনা না ঘটলে বা একটি কাজ না হলে অপর ঘটনাটি ঘটে বা ঘটতে পারে—এমন বোঝাতে দুটি ঘটনা বা কাজের মধ্যে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Read attentively lest you should fail in the examination. b. He walked fast lest he should miss the bus. c. Hurry up lest he should miss the bus. d. Do it in time. Otherwise you will be punished. e. Walk fast lest you should miss the bus. |
Rule 20:
| Description | Example |
| For instance/ for example/ such as/ like/ namely/ that is to say যেমন/ অর্থা ৎ .: উদাহরণ হিসেবে কিছু তথ্য যোগ করতে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. People of the developing country do not enjoy their basic right such as freedom of movement, freedom of speech etc. b. Nepal is a developing country. Its GDP rate is growing very fast. For instance/ for example, it is earning a huge amount of foreign currency from its various sectors namely man-power, garments and leather. That is to say, it has achieved a dramatic output from these sectors. Other sectors are also promising like these sectors such as jute, handicrafts, shrimps etc. |
Rule 21:
| Description | Example |
| first of all/ initially/ primarily/ in the beginning/ at the start/ in the first place সর্ব প্রথম/ শুরুতে.: ধারাবাহিক/ পর্যায়ক্রমিক বক্তব্যকে লিখতে গেলে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Some steps should be taken to control the population in the beginning. b. Some steps should be taken to control traffic in Dhaka city. c. First of all/ In the first place any violation of traffic signal must be taken seriously. d. Initially/ At the start/ Primarily/ In the beginning, it might be difficult. |
Rule 22:
| Description | Example |
| always/ Usually/ generally/ as usual/ most often/ very often/ frequently/ sometimes/ at times সর্বদা/ সাধারণত/ প্রায়ই/ মাঝেমধ্যে.: যে ঘটনা সর্বদা বা প্রায়ই বা মাঝেমধ্যে ঘটে, যে বৈশিষ্ট্য কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বিষয়ের জন্য প্রায়ই সত্য, সেই ঘটনা বা বৈশিষ্ট্যসম্পন্ন বাক্যে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. You do not like him. But he comes here frequently. b. Nothing can cure us. We take drugs frequently. c. We have defeated them this time. We cannot defeat them always. d. I am a very simple and polite man as usual. e. I usually/ always/ generally/ as usual/ most often/ very often/ often/ sometimes/ at times gets up from bed early in the morning. |
Rule 23:
| Description | Example |
| After পরে.: দুটি কাজ বা ঘটনার মধ্যে যেটি আগে হয়েছে বা হয় বা হবে, তার আগে After বসে। | a. Mr Sattar came to college after the bell had rung. b. Karim died after the doctor had come. c. After I had passed my M.A. I joined a hospital. d. My father died after I had left the hospital. e. I reached the station after the train had left. |
Rule 24:
| Description | Example |
| Before/ prior to that পূর্বে.: পূর্বে হয়েছে, এমন কাজ বা ঘটনাকে পরে ঘটেছে এমন কাজ বা ঘটনার সঙ্গে যুক্ত করতে before ব্যবহার করা হয়। | a. The patient had died before the doctor came. b. We had reached the station before the train left. c. The sun had set before we reached home. d. Before the doctor came, the patient had died. e. The talked to us. Prior to that, they invited us. |
Rule 25:
| Description | Example |
| Thus/ in this way এভাবে. ঃ কোনো ঘটনা কীভাবে ঘটে বা ঘটেছে, তার বিবরণপরবর্তী সময়ে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Most of the people of our country are illiterate. Many of them are lazy and inactive. In this way, they become poor. b. They went to the station. They booked some tickets there. Then they reached the station on the certain day. Thus they started their train journey. |
Rule 26:
| Description | Example |
| When/while যখন.: একই সময়ে সংঘটিত দুটি কাজের একটির আগে এ ধরনের Linker বসে। While-পরবর্তী Clause-টি সাধারণত Continuous-এর হয়। |
a. When he came to college, he saw us. b. While I was sleeping, the phone rang. c. He met me while I was going to market. d. When it was summer, we went on a tour. e. When the train had left, we reached the station. |
Rule 27:
| Description | Example |
| However/ nevertheless/ after all যা-ই হোক, মোটের ওপর.: আগে লেখা কোনো বক্তব্যের সাপেক্ষে কিছুটা বা পুরোপুরি বিপরীত বা আরও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু লিখতে চাইলে তার আগে এই Linker-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। |
a. I should not disobey him. After all, he is your father. b. I am so late. However, I can start your work now. c. Television has some demerits. Nevertheless, it is considered to be a wonder of modern science. d. I cannot dishonor you. After all, you are my senior. |
Rule 28:
| Description | Example |
| In case যদি., In any case যেকোনো অবস্থায়.: যদি অথবা যেকোন অবস্থায় কোনো কিছু করা হয়/ হয়েছিল/ হবে বুঝালে এই Linkers ব্যবহূত হয়। |
a. In case I come, He will go there. b. In case of emergency, I may call you. c. In any case, he will attend the meeting. d. In any case, He will help me in my danger. e. Do not worry. I will talk to him in any case. |
Rule 29:
| Description | Example |
| Really/ actually/ indeed/ in fact/ of course অবশ্যই, প্রকৃতপক্ষে, বস্তুত.: কোনো বক্তব্যের ভিত্তি সম্পর্কে নিশ্চয়তা বা সত্যতা বা গুরুত্বের যথার্থতা প্রকাশে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। |
a. Everybody respects Mr. Razzak. In fact, he is an honest man. b. I was silent despite all your questions. Actually/ Indeed/ In fact/ Really, he had nothing to say. c. Nepal has to solve the problem of poverty. Of course, it is possible through sincere and pragmatic efforts and steps. d. Of course, Nepal is a country of problems. |
Rule 30:
| Description | Example |
| Another/ the other/ the latter অন্যটি, পরবর্তীটি.: দুটি বিষয়/ বস্তু/ দুজন ব্যক্তির মধ্যে পরবর্তীটি বা পরবর্তীজনের আগে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। |
a. Tousif and Kader are very bad students. The latter is also a bad player. b. There are two most important causes of sound pollution. One is the growth of urban population. another is the increasing use of machines & electronics in our everyday life. c. Tousif and Kader were school-friends. the other is now working on a foreign mission. |
Rule 31:
| Description | Example |
| Rather বরং.: কোনো কিছুতে জোর দেওয়ার জন্য এই Linker-টি ব্যবহার করা হয়। | a. I would rather starve than steal. b. You would rather die than beg. c. Nepal is not a rich country. Rather, it is a poor country. d. Though we are weak in Math, they do not put emphasis on this subject. Rather, we avoid it. |
Rule 32:
| Description | Example |
| Similarly, in the same way, alike অনুরূপভাবে/ একইভাবে.: আগে কোনো কিছু লেখা হয়েছে, তার সঙ্গে মিল রেখে কিছু ঘটছে বা ঘটবে—এমন কিছু লিখতে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। |
a. Shakila turned the wheel. Similarly, her brother did. b. I have done the work nicely. I have done the work similarly/in the same way. c. He should address the problem immediately. He should do alike. d. We bought a new car alike, my friend bought another one. e. The wind rotates turbine alike, the turbine generates power. |
Rule 33:
| Description | Example |
| According to/ in accordance with/ accordingly অনুসারে/ অনুযায়ী.: আগের কোনো কাজ/ ঘটনা/ বিষয়বস্তুর সঙ্গে তাল মিলিয়ে কোনো কাজ/ ঘটনা সম্পাদিত হলে এই Linkers ব্যবহূত হয়। |
a. According to you, babu is not only a good player but also a good student. b. You talked to us according to the instruction of your boss. c. In accordance with the UNESCO’S declaration, International Mother Language Day is celebrated all over the world. d. You told him to complete the work in time. You completed the work accordingly. e. One should lead himself according to the law and order of the country. |
Rule 34:
| Description | Example |
| পর্যন্ত অর্থে Till এবং যে পর্যন্ত না অর্েথ Until ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Pray to Allah till the sunrise. b. Study hard till you learn the lesson. c. I was working until you come back. d. Wait here until I come back. e. We studied until the teacher left. |
Rule 35:
| Description | Example |
| Still/till now/even now এখনো/এখন পর্যন্ত.: এখনো বা এখন পর্যন্ত চলছে, তা বোঝাতে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. The instructor is discussing the importance of learning English even now. b. You are still sleeping. Till now, you have not finished the task. c. I am discussing the fact even now. d. The students are playing in the field even now. e. Shilpi and Mustakim are still gossiping. |
Rule 36:
| Description | Example |
| Suddenly/ all on a sudden হঠাৎ.: হঠাৎ ঘটে যাওয়া কোনো কাজ বা ঘটনার পূর্বে বা পরে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. That day I was reading in my room. Suddenly, i heard you crying. b. I was moving along the street. Suddenly a man came to me running. c. The carpenter jumped into the pond and drowned. This happened all on a sudden. d. We were playing in the playground, suddenly the headmaster came there and took us to class. b. The goats were grazing. A tiger came and took away one. It happened all on a sudden. |
Rule 37:
| Description | Example |
| if/ even if/ Unless যদি/ এমনকি যদি/ যদি না.: যদি/ এমনকি যদি/ যদি না অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. If You had enough money, You would establish a building in your village. b. Unless he works hard he will not shine in life. c. I won’t be paid unless I do my duty well. d. If you arrived in time, you would meet the headmaster. e. I will go out even if it rains. |
Rule 38:
| Description | Example |
| Above all সর্বোপরি.: সামগ্রিকভাবে কোনো কিছুকে প্রাধান্য দিয়ে লিখতে গেলে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Above all, I was a very dishonest man. b. There was a remarkable turn out in the last Parliamentary election. Above all, we enjoyed the election as a celebration. c. Above all, they are willing to go there. d. Above all, the problems of your country are increasing rapidly. |
Rule 39:
| Description | Example |
| Undoubtedly/no doubt/ surely /of course/certainly/truly speaking নিঃসন্দেহে/ নিশ্চিতভাবে/ অবশ্যই.: নিঃসন্দেহে/ নিশ্চিতভাবে/ অবশ্যই—এমন বক্তব্য প্রকাশ করতে এ ধরনের Linkiers ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Undoubtedly I am wrong. b. Undoubtedly/ no doubt/ surely/ It is needless to say that/ It needs no telling that/ truly speaking, almost all the countries of the world are under a constant threat of terrorism. c. It needs no telling that man have proved his worth everywhere. surely, he has done so. d. Parvez committed mistake undoubtly. |
Rule 40:
| Description | Example |
| Whoever যে-ই হোক.: কোনো ব্যক্তির ব্যক্তিপরিচয় অনিশ্চিত হলে এই Linker-টি তার পূর্বে ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Whoever is present here, he/she should listen to their request. b. Whoever he is, they won’t respect him. |
Rule 41:
| Description | Example |
| Unfortunately/ unluckily দুর্ভাগ্যজনকভাবে.: কোনো ঘটনা বা বিষয় দুর্ভাগ্যজনক হলে তা প্রকাশে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. I went to meet the Principal. Unfortunately, I did not get him at his office. b. I was missing. Luckily/ Fortunately, You found him in a park. c. You walked fast. Unluckily, You missed the train. |
Rule 42:
| Description | Example |
| Whatever যা-ই হোক.: কোনো বিষয়/ বস্তুর পরিচয় অনিশ্চিত হলে তার পূর্বে এই Linker-টি ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Whatever I want, it must be legal. b. Whatever his ambition is, it should be honest. c. Whatever we want can never be met. |
Rule 43:
| Description | Example |
| In order to/ to উদ্দেশে.: যে কাজের উদ্দেশে কোনো কিছু করা হবে বা হয় বা হয়েছে, উদ্দেশ-প্রকাশক সেই Verb-এর আগে in order to/ to বসে। | a. Karim went to market in order to buy a book. b. Some people go abroad in order to enjoy better opportunities. c. You came here in order to talk to us. |
Rule 44:
| Description | Example |
| So that/ in order that যাতে.: উদ্দেশ-প্রকাশক Sub-ordinate Clause-এর আগে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহার করে Principal Clause-এর সঙ্গে যুক্ত করা হয়। | a. I am reading attentively so that I can get GPA-5. b. Karim started his journey earlier so that he might reach his destination in time tomorrow. c. Firoza sold her comb in order that she could buy a gift for her mother. |
Rule 45:
| Description | Example |
| That যে/ যা/ যেটা.: যে/ যা/ যেটা বুঝিয়ে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. They know that I am a freedom fighter. b. That the woman is honest is known to all. c. I know that you are a godfather. d. It is said that honesty is the best policy. |
Rule 46:
| Description | Example |
| Whether/ whether … or কিনা.: নিশ্চিত নয়, এমন বিষয়, বস্তু, ঘটনা বা ব্যক্তির আগে এই Linker-টি ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. I do not know whether she will come or not. b. The man asked you whether you had completed the task. c. You do not know whether you are honest or dishonest. |
Rule 47:
| Description | Example |
| Whenever যখনই হোক.: অনিশ্চিত সময়-প্রকাশক ঘটনা, কাজ বা কালের পূর্বে এই Linker-টি ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Whenever you need me, just make a phone call. b. Inform him of the matter whenever he comes. |
Rule 48:
| Description | Example |
| Wherever যেখানেই হোক.: অনির্ধারিত বা অজ্ঞাত স্থানকে প্রকাশ করতে এই Linker-টি ব্যবহার করা হয়। | a. Wherever they go for help, nobody helps them. b. Wherever you go, I will always be with you. |
Rule 49:
| Description | Example |
| As/ since/ because/ because of/ for/ on account of/ due to/ owing to যেহেতু/ কারণে.: যেহেতু/ কারণে প্রকাশক Clause-এর পূর্বে এই Linker-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. I could not go out because of/ owing to the heavy rainfall. b. As/ since the weather was rough, we canceled our journey. c. Because of his hard labor and perseverance, Ismail Hossain succeeded in life. d. I went to his house because/ as/ for I was invited. e. I could not go to school on account of my illness. |
Rule 50:
| Description | Example |
| In any way/ any how/ by all means যেকোনোভাবে.: যে কোনভাবে/ যেকোনো উপায়ে কোনো কাজ করতে চাইলে বা করা হবে বা করা হয়েছে, এমন বোঝাতে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. You are in problems now. I will help you anyhow. b. We will make the program successful by any means/ by all means. c. The problem is serious. In any way, we have to solve it. |
Rule 51:
| Description | Example |
| Enough to যথেষ্ট.: কোনো বৈশিষ্ট্যের পর্যাপ্ততা বা অপর্যাপ্ততার কারণে কোনো কাজ সংঘটিত হলে বা না হলে সেই কাজের Verb-টির আগে এই Linker-টি বসে। | a. She was not meritorious enough to get GPA-5. b. The girl is intelligent enough to understand the questions. c. He is not strong enough to carry the load. |
Rule 52:
| Description | Example |
| Though/ although যদিও.: দুটি বিপরীতধর্মী Clause-কে যুক্ত করতে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. Though worked hard, I could not get GPA-5. b. Though I am rich, I am not happy. c. People could not catch the train although they hurried a bit. |
Rule 53:
| Description | Example |
| In spite of/ despite সত্ত্বেও.: একটি Sentence/ Clause-এর সঙ্গে অপর একটি বিপরীত ভাব প্রকাশ করা Pharase-কে যুক্ত করতে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। |
a. In spite of his hard labour, Salim could not reached his goal. b. He attended the meeting despite being sick. c. In spite of his illness, he attended the meeting. |
Rule 54:
| Description | Example |
| Once/ once upon a time/ many days ago/ long long ago/ in ancient time/ in the past একদা, অনেক দিন আগে, অতীতে.: অনেক দিন আগে, অতীতে ঘটেছে এমন ঘটনা/ কাজ প্রকাশে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। |
a. Once upon a time there was a powerful king in Bangladesh. b. Once/ Once upon a time/ Many days ago/ Long long ago/ In ancient time there lived a king who was fond of knowing his future from astrologers. c. In the past we had much but now we have very less. |
Rule 55:
| Description | Example |
| Yet তার পরেও.: বিপরীতধর্মী বা বিপরীত ভাব প্রকাশক কোনো কাজ, ঘটনা বা বৈশিষ্ট্য প্রকাশ করতে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। |
a. I hold him several times to complete the work. Yet, he did not do it. b. Many things are changing now. Yet people are here still quite polite and friendly. c. He is poor, yet he is happy. |
Rule 56:
| Description | Example |
| Yet তার পরেও.: বিপরীতধর্মী বা বিপরীত ভাব প্রকাশক কোনো কাজ, ঘটনা বা বৈশিষ্ট্য প্রকাশ করতে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। | a. He talks as if/ as though he were a great scholar. b. They shouted as if they had seen a ghost. c. The sun is, as it were, the lamp of the universe. d. He talks as if/as though he were a mad. |
Rule 57:
| Description | Example |
| To the last/ till the end/ to a close শেষ পর্যন্ত.: শেষ পর্যন্ত যা করা হয়েছে বা হবে—এমন কাজ বা ঘটনা লেখার শেষে এ Linker-গুলো বসে। | a. All the audience were present till the end. b. We fought to the last to save our country. c. He was present in the meeting till the end. d. The martyrs fought against the invading foreign army till the end/ to the last. e. The function came to a close at six pm. |
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