• Transformation: Compound to Complex

  একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি independent clause থাকে যারা পৃথক sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে এবং  coordinating conjunction দিয়ে  যুক্ত থাকে ।

  Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

  On the other hand,  a complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

  পক্ষান্তরে Complex sentence এ একটি independent clause এবং কমপক্ষে একটি dependent clause থাকে।

  Such as, I will wait here until you come.

  The rules for transforming compound sentence to complex sentence are discussed below.

  Compound sentence কে complex sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নীচে বর্ণিত হলো ।

  Rule 1:

  Description	Example
  Compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করলে, Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “though”/”Although” বসে “but”/”yet” উঠে যাবে ।	Compound: He is poor, but he is happy. Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy. Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard. Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard. Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable. Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.

  Rule 2:

  Description	Example
  যদি Compound sentence এ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” ব্যবহার করে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করা হয় এবং দ্বিতীয় clause এ future tense হয়, তবে complex sentence এর মাঝে  “lest” হবে এবং person এর পরে “should” বসবে ।	Compound: He is poor, but he is happy. Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy. Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard. Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard. Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable. Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.

  Rule 3:

  Description	Example
  যদি compound sentence “and” conjunction  দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে “As soon as” বসে মাঝ থেকে “and” উঠে যাবে ।	Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey. Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey. Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting. Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.

  Rule 4:

  Description	Example
  যদি compound sentence “and” conjunction  দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে “As soon as” বসে মাঝ থেকে “and” উঠে যাবে ।	Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place. Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place. Compound: She was ill, so she did not come. Complex: As she was ill, she did not come. Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening. Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.

  Rule 5:

  Description	Example
  যদি  compound sentence এ “and” ব্যবহৃত হয় একই ব্যক্তি সম্পর্কে দুটো ভিন্ন clause যুক্ত করতে,  তবে complex sentence “and” এর স্থানে relative pronoun “who” ব্যবহার করে এর পরের pronoun উঠিয়ে দেবে ।	Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing. Complex: I saw a girl who was singing. Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer. Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.

  Rule 6:

  Description	Example
  যদি compound sentence এই structure follow করে, “Let+ pronoun এর object form + subordinate clause এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause”, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে  “if” ও এর পরে first or third person ব্যবহার করে negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে ।	Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it. Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it. Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks. Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.

  Rule 7:

  Description	Example
  Compound sentence যদি এই structure follow করে, “Let+ pronoun এর object form + দুই clauses এর মাঝে “and” + main clause”, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে  “if” ও এর পরে first or third person ব্যবহার করে affirmative form এ থাকে ।	Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks. Complex: If I study hard, I will be able to get good marks. Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it. Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.

  Rule 8:

  Description	Example
  Compound sentence যদি এই structure follow করে, verb এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause, complex sentence এর শুরুতে  “if” ও এর পরে second person ব্যবহার করে negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে ।	Compound: Study hard, or you will fail. Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail. Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer. Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.

  Rule 9:

  Description	Example
  যদি compound sentence “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause” এই from এ থাকে, তবে complex sentence “so…that” form ব্যবহার করবে ।	Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work. Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work. Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand. Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.

  Rule 11:

   

  Description	Example
  যদি compound sentence দুই clause এর মাঝে ”or” ব্যবহার করে  উপদেশ দেয়া বোঝায়, তবে Complex sentence এর শুরুতে  “Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকে ।	Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers. Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers. Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer. Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.

   

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