Completing Sentences
Rule 1: Too……..to
Structure: Subject + Verb + too + adj/adv + to + verb + …………..
| Description | Example |
| Too…..to দ্বারা incomplete sentence কে complete করার নিয়মঃ Incomplete sentence এ adjective/ adverb এর পূর্বে too থাকলে উক্ত Incomplete sentence এর শেষে to + সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ verb + অর্থবহ শব্দ/শব্দসমষ্টি দ্বারা sentence টিকে সম্পূর্ণ করতে হয়। |
The man is too old…… Ans: The man is too old to work. He is too dishonest ……….. Ans: He is too dishonest to speak the truth. |
Rule 2: So……that
Structure: Subject + Verb + so+ adj/adv + that + subject + verb+ …………
| Description | Example |
| এ ক্ষেত্রে incomplete sentence টিতে so এর পরে adjective/ adverb থাকলে তার পর that+subject+cannot/could not +একটি সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ verb+ ……..দ্বারা Sentence পূর্ণ করতে হয়। |
The man was so ill……….. Ans: The man was so ill that he could not move an inch. The sailors’ throats were so dry……….. Ans: The sailors’ throats were so dry that they could not speak a single world. |
Rule 3: So that
Structure: Subject +verb+…….+so that +১ম Subject+ may/can or might/could + verb+ …………
| Description | Example |
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Incomplete sentence এর শেষে so that থাকলে তার পর প্রথম subject + may/can or might/could + অর্থপূর্ণ verb+ ……. এ ক্ষেত্রে ১ম clause টি present tense হলে may/can বসে। আর past tense হলে might/could বসে। তবে ২য় clause টিতে Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে হলে may not/might not/cannot/could not ব্যবহার করতে হয়। |
The boy reads more so that …………… Ans: The boy reads more so that he can make a good result. I closed the door of my room so that ………….. Ans: I closed the door of my room so that he might not enter the room. |
Rule 4: In order that
Structure: Subject +verb+…….+in order that +১ম Subject+ may/can or might/could + verb+ …………
| Description | Example |
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So that এর মত In order that এর অর্থ যাতে বা যেন। সুতরাং এ ক্ষেত্রেও নিয়মটি so that এর মত। |
Della went to a hairshop in order that ………………… Ans: Della went to a hairshop in order that she could sell her hair. He saved some money in order that…………. Ans: He saved some money in order that he could by some books. |
Rule 5: Provided /Provided that/Providing that
Structure: Subject +verb+…….+Provided /Provided that/Providing that +Subject+verb+ …………
| Description | Example |
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Provided/Provided that/Providing that এর অর্থ যদি এবং তা if এর ন্যায় অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। এ ক্ষেত্রে incomplete sentence এর শেষে Provided/Provided that/Providing that থাকলে তার পর এমন একটি sentence যোগ করতে হয় যা প্রথম sentence টির সাথে সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ এবং তার দ্বারা “যদি” অর্থটি প্রকাশ পায়। |
The plan will take off in time provided…………. Ans: The plan will take off in time provided the weather is good. He will shine in life provided that …………. Ans: He will shine in life provided that he works hard. |
Rule 6: Lest
Structure: Subject +verb+…….+Lest+১ম Subject+should/ might+verb+ …………
| Description | Example |
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Lest এর অর্থ “পাছে ভয় হয় যে” (for fear that). Lest negative অর্থ প্রদান করে । অতএব Lest দ্বারা যে clause আরম্ভ হয় তাতে no বা not বসে না। এটি দ্বারা যে clause শুরু হয় তার পরে should/ might বসে। |
He ran away lest ………….. Ans: He ran away he might be seen. Read diligently lest ……………. Ans: Read diligently lest you should fail in the examination. |
Rule 7: Unless
Structure: Subject +verb+…….+Lest+১ম Subject+should/ might+verb+ …………
| Description | Example |
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Unless অর্থ if ……..not (যদি না)। তাই Unless দ্বারা যে clause শুরু হয় সে clause এ “not” ব্যাবহার করা হয় না। Unless যুক্ত incomplete sentence কে complete করতে হলে প্রদত্ত incomplete sentence টি বসে + এর সাথে সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ একটি পূর্ণ sentence যোগ করতে হয়। |
Unless you read attentively……………. Ans: Unless you read attentively you will fail. Come at 8 o’clock unless…………… Ans: Come at 8 o’clock unless he works hard. |
Rule 8: Until / Till
Structure: Subject+Verb+…….+Until/Till+Subject+Verb (affirmative)
| Description | Example |
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Until/Till যুক্ত incomplete sentence এর সাথে একটি full sentence যোগ করে প্রদত্ত incomplete sentence টিকে complete করতে হয়। Until/Till এর পরের অংশটি Affirmative হয়। |
Wait until…… Ans: Wait until the rain stops. Rajib’s Mother will be nursing him till …….. Ans: Rajib’s Mother will be nursing him till he comes around. |
Rule 9: As long as
Structure: Subject+Verb+…….+as long as+Subject+Verb……
| Description | Example |
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As long as যুক্ত incomplete sentence এর সাথে একটি full sentence যোগ করে প্রদত্ত incomplete sentence টিকে complete করতে হয়। |
Wait here as long as ………….. Ans: Wait here as long as it rains. Allah will be with us as long as …….. Ans: Allah will be with us as long as our aim is honest. |
Rule 10: Though, although, since, because, if, as
Structure: Though/Since/If+Subject +verb+……., Subject+verb+ …………
Structure: Subject +verb+……., although/since/if /as+Subject+verb+ …………
| Description | Example |
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Though, although, since, because, if, as যুক্ত incomplete sentence এর সাথে একটি full sentence যোগ করে প্রদত্ত incomplete sentence টিকে complete করতে হয়। |
Though he is poor ………….. Ans: Though he is poor, he is large hearted. He could not catch the bus …….. Ans: He could not catch the bus although he ran fast. Since body and mind go together…………… Ans: Since body and mind go together, illness of one inevitably affects the other. Crops did not grow well since……………….. Ans: Crops did not grow well since there was drought. Everybody admires him because………………. Ans: Everybody admires him because he is honest. If he comes………….. Ans: If he comes, I shall go. She will not go out if……….. Ans: She will not go out if it rains. He was rewarded as ………………… Ans: He was rewarded as he was truthful. As he behaved rough ……………….. Ans: As he behaved rough he was punished. |
Rule 11: In spite of/ Despite
Structure: In spite of / Despite + ………………+Subject+Verb+……
| Description | Example |
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In spite of/despite এর অর্থ সত্তেও এ জাতীয় শব্দ দ্বারা simple sentence গঠিত হয়। incomplete sentence এ In spite of/despite থাকলে এদের বিপরীত অর্থবোধক sentence দ্বারা প্রদত্ত incomplete sentence টি complete করতে হয়। এক্ষেত্রে complete অংশের সাথে Subject+verb+…………..বসে। |
In spite of his poverty …………… Ans: In spite of his poverty, he is honest. Despite hos good qualification …….. Ans: Despite hos good qualification, he did not get suitable job. |
Rule 12: Instead of / In lieu of
Structure: Instead of / In lieu of + ………………+Subject+Verb+……
Structure: Subject+Verb+……+In lieu of+……………….
| Description | Example |
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Instead of / In lieu of এর অর্থ ‘পরিবর্তে’। এ জাতীয় Phrase simple sentence এ ব্যবহৃত হয়। একটি জিনিস বা বিষয়ের পরিবর্তে অন্যটি নেওয়া বা পছন্দ বুজাতে এ Phrase দুটি ব্যবহৃত হয়। |
Instead of …………… Ans: Instead of history he took logic. The boy bought pens instead …….. Ans: The boy bought pens instead of pencils. He ate fish in lieu of ……………… Ans: He ate fish in lieu of meat. |
Rule 13: Because of, on account of, owing to, due to
Structure: Subject+Verb+……+because of +…………..
Structure: ……+due to+……………….
| Description | Example |
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Because of, an account of, owing to, due to এই Phrase গুলির অর্থ ‘কারনে’ বা ‘জন্নে। এ জাতীয় Phrase simple sentence এ ব্যবহৃত হয়। উক্ত Phrase গুলি দ্বারা গঠিত incomplete sentence complete করার সময় Subject+ Verb+…………..ব্যবহার করতে হয়। |
Everybody loves him because of his…………………… Ans: Everybody loves him because of his honesty. On account of his illness …….. Ans: On account of his illness he could not attend the class. ……………… due to fog. Ans: The writer dared not drive at night due to fog. |
Rule 14: Would rather/Sooner…………than
Structure: Subject+would rather + verb এর present form ……+than+verb/noun
| Description | Example |
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Would rather/would sooner এর অর্থ বরং। Would rather/would sooner একই অর্থ বহন করে তবে Would rather এর ব্যবহার বেশি। Would rather/would sooner যুক্ত sentence এ than ব্যবহার হয়। |
I would rather die…………………… Ans: I would rather die than beg. He would rather drink tea ………….. Ans: He would rather drink tea than coffee. |
Rule 15: Had better
Structure: Subject+had better + verb এর base form+
| Description | Example |
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Had better এর অর্থ তবুও / বরং ভাল। Had better যুক্ত Sentence past tense এর হলেও তা মুলতঃ past tense নয়। Had better – unreal past এটি present / future tense এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। Had better এর পর infinitive to বসে না। সর্বদা verb এর base form বসে। |
I had better …………………… Ans: I had better ring him at once. You had better ………….. Ans: You had better leave the palace. He had better ………….. Ans: He had better go home. |
Rule 16: No sooner had……..than, scarcely had ……..when, hardly had………when
Structure: No sooner had+Past perfect tense+than+past indefinite tense
| Description | Example |
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No sooner had……..than, scarcely had ……..when, hardly had………when এ জাতীয় Structure দ্বারা “যেতে ……না যেতে” ” খেতে ……না খেতে” “পৌছাতে ………না পৌছাতে” ইত্যাদি অর্থ প্রকাশ পায়। উপরের Structure গুলির when ও than এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত past perfect tense এবং when ও than এর পরের অংশ past indefinite tense হয়। |
No sooner had I gone out……… Ans: No sooner had I gone out than he came. Scarcely had we reached the station………….. Ans: Scarcely had we reached the station when the train left. Hardly had he reached the college ………….. Ans: Hardly had he reached the college when the examination began. |
Rule 17: It is time
Structure: It is time………………….
| Description | Example |
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It is time to ……… Ans: It is time to start the work. It is time for ………….. Ans: It is time for us to attack the enemy. It is time we ………….. Ans: It is time we went home. |
Rule 18: It is time
Structure: It is time………………….
| Description | Example |
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It is time to ……… Ans: It is time to start the work. It is time for ………….. Ans: It is time for us to attack the enemy. It is time we ………….. Ans: It is time we went home. |
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