Passive: The designs are prepared by him. 

Active: He prepares the designs.

Active: They play football.

Passive: Football is played by them. 

• She praises me. (Active)
• I am praised by her. (Passive)
• I praise her. (Active)
• She is praised by me. (Passive)

• She praised me. (Active)
• I was praised by her. (Passive)
• She praised them. (Active)
• They were praised by her. (Passive)

• She praised me. (Active)
• I was praised by her. (Passive)
• She praised them. (Active)
• They were praised by her. (Passive)

• She is praising me. (Active)
• I am being praised by her. (Passive)
• She is praising him. (Active)
• He is being praised by her. (Passive)
• She is praising them. (Active)
• They are being praised by her. (Passive)

• She was praising me. (Active)
• I was being praised by her. (Passive)
• She was praising them. (Active)
• They were being praised by her. (Passive)

• She will be praising me. (Active)
• I shall be being praised by her. (Passive)
• She will be praising them. (Active)
• They will be being praised by her. (Passive)

• She has praised him. (Active)
• He has been praised by her. (Passive)
• She has praised me. (Active)
• I have been praised by her. (Passive)

• She had praised me. (Active)
• I had been praised by her. (Passive)
• She had supported me. (Active)
• I had been supported by her. (Passive)

• She will have praised me. (Active)
• I shall have been praised by her. (Passive)

• She will have praised him. (Active)
• He will have been praised by her. (Passive)

• Have you written the article? (Active)
• You have written the article. (Assertive)
• The article has been written by you. (Passive of Assertive)
• Has the article been written by you? (Passive of the main sentence)
• Are you writing the article? (Active)
• You are writing the article. (Assertive)
• The article is being written by you. (Passive of Assertive)
• Is the article being written by you? (Passive of the main sentence)

b. “Who” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Who-এর পরিবর্তে By whom+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ object-এর subject+ কোন কোনসময় tense অনুযায়ী “be/being/been” ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Verb-এর past participle+?

• Who is writing the poem? (Active)
• By whom is the poem being written? (Passive)

c. “Whom”- দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Whom এর পরিবর্তে Who+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ subject-এর object+?

• Whom did you recommend? (Active)
• Who was recommended by you? (Passive)

d. “What”- দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

What+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ subject-এর object+? (Tense অনুসারে করা হয়) ।

• What is he doing? (Active)
• What is being done by him? (Passive)
• What does he need? (Active)
• What is needed by him? (Passive)

a. Main verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Let+ Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle

• Write the article. (Active)
• Let the article be written. (Passive)
• Prepare the assignment. (Active)
• Let the assignment be prepared. (Passive)

b. “Do not” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Let not + Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle

• Do not write the article. (Active)
• Let not the article be written. (Passive)
• Do not prepare the assignment. (Active)
• Let not the assignment be prepared. (Passive)

c. Sentence “Let” দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর personal object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-

Let+ Object’s subject + be + verb’s past participle+ personal object

• Let me write an article. (Active)
• Let an article be written by me. (Passive)
• Let him write the letter. (Active)
• Let the letter be written by him. (Passive)

d. “Never” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Let not + Object’s subject + ever be + verb’s past participle

• Never deceive anyone. (Active)
• Let not anyone ever be deceived. (Passive)
• Never go there. (Active)
• Let not there ever be gone. (Passive)

e. Sentence main verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর personal object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-

Let+ direct object + be+ verb’s past participle + for + personal object

• Give me a pencil. (Active)
• Let a pencil be given for me. (Passive)
• Give me an eraser. (Active)
• Let an eraser be given for me. (Passive)

• You must write a poem. (Active)
• A poem must be written by you. (Passive)
• She may help you. (Active)
• You may be helped by her. (Passive)
• We ought to obey our parents. (Active)
• Our parents ought to be obeyed by us. (Passive)
• We are going to organize a party. (Active)
• A party is going to be organized by us. (Passive)

• He was seen singing the song by me. (Passive)
• I saw him singing the song. (Active)
• I saw him performing the dance. (Active)
• He was seen performing the dance by me. (Passive)

• I gave her a dress. (Active)
• She was given a dress by me. (Passive)
• She was given a book by me. (Passive)
• I gave her a book. (Active)

Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।

Note:

Active voice যদি “People say” দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তবে একে passive করতে হলে, এর শুরুতে “It is said that” ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• I know that he sang the song. (Active)
• It is known to me that the song was sung by him. (Passive)
• People say that Dhaka is the city of mosques. (Active)
• It is said that Dhaka is the city of mosques. (Passive)

সাধারণত: intransitive verb-এর passive voice হয় না। কিন্তু যদি intransitive verb-এর পরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে একটি group verb তৈরী করে এবং এটি intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে passive রূপের structure হবে-

Object হবে subject+ Tense অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle+ প্রদত্ত preposition+ by+ subject-এর object।

• The boy took care of the parrots. (Active)
• The parrots were taken care of by the boy. (Passive)

Active voice-এ Reflexive objective যেমন: myself, yourself, himself, herself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves, প্রভৃতি থাকলে Passive-এর কাঠামো-

Active voice-এর একই subject passive form-এ ও+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle+ by+ reflexive object।

• He mocked himself. (Active)
• He was mocked by himself. (Passive)

Factitive object/ Complementary object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-

দ্রষ্টব্য: যদি কোন বাক্যে transitive verb যেমন: call, make, name, nominate, elect, select, প্রভৃতি থাকে কিন্তু একটি পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে একটি অতিরিক্ত object ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে এই অতিরিক্ত objectটিকে Factitive object/ Complementary object বলে।

Him, her, me, us, you, them, প্রভৃতিকে active রূপে নেয়া হয় এবং subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense and person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ factitive object+ by+ subject-এর object.

• They made me a moderator. (Active)
• I was made a moderator by them. (Passive)

Cognate object: কিছু intransitive verb কিছু সাহায্যকারী object ব্যবহার করে transitive verb-এর মত আচরণ করে। এই সাহায্যকারী object-গুলোকে Cognate object বলে।

Object-টি ‍subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ Subject-এর object.

• He wrote a poem. (Active)
• A poem was written by him. (Passive)

Active voice-এর subject+ tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb+ infinitive-এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) + to be + infinitive-এর পরের verb-এর past participle.

• He wants you to give a speech. (Active)
• He wants a speech to be given. (Passive)

Active voice-এর subject+ মূল verb+ that+ gerund-এর পরের object+ should be+ gerund-কে verb-এ পরিণত করে তার past participle.

• He proposed watching the movie. (Active)
• He proposed that the movie should be watched. (Passive)

Active voice-এর subject+ মূল verb+ that+ infinitive -এর পরের object+ should be+ infinitive-কে verb-এ পরিণত করে তার past participle.

• He decided to prepare the proposal. (Active)
• He decided that the proposal should be prepared. (Passive)

Object-এর subject+ should be+ Verb-এর past participle. 

• One should perform one’s prayers. (Active)
• Prayers should be performed. (Passive)